Main Principles of Time Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 970 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Time Management Essay Did you like this example? INABILITY TO SAY NO: We all hunger to be as helpful as we can when others need us, but this can mean pleasing time away from other priorities to do something we may not have planned. INTERRUPTIONS: Many times, we are in the middle of completing something really important and the telephone rings. These calls can not only take you away from your task, but occasionally they interpose your train of thought and you cant return to where you were without redoing your steps. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Main Principles of Time Management" essay for you Create order MORE INTERRUPTIONS: We all like to visit with others, but discussions at unsuitable times can cost us time when we have to stop what we are doing and transmit ourselves from our plans. PERIODS OF INACTIVITY: As abundant as we think we are busy, there are periods in our day when we are not really doing anything. Knowing and making use of these times can have a optimistic effect on our efforts. TOO MANY THINGS AT ONCE: Many of our errands are not practices. They require attention to detail. When we are attempting to do too many different things at one time, each individual task agonizes as a result. STRESS AND FATIGUE: Everyone practices stress from time to time, and sometimes we actually operate a little better when there is some level of stress. Too much stress, on the other hand, causes our work to suffer and attires us down physically and mentally. Dealing with stress is an important part of time managing. ALL WORK AND NO PLAY: Most effective people know how to stability work and play. When work takes over your life, you not only give your body little time to re-energize, but you may end up losing the really vital things in life like family and friends. WHAT CAN WE DO? The difficulties that we face are not insoluble. Sometimes, the stiffest thing to do is to identify that these obstacles exist and are affecting your ability to manage your time.When you have identified your problems, you can begin to overcome them. Plans you can use to overwhelmed the problems we just examined: SET GOALS The first, and most vital strategy you can hire to manage your time is to set clear goals for yourself. As a Lions front-runner, you will want to achieve many things in your time of office. The best favor you can do for yourself is to govern what those goals are and make sure your efforts are always directed toward their achievement. Effective goals share number of characteristics in common. Effective goals are: SPECIFIC: When a goal is too unclear, you may never know how to reach it or even when you have touched it. Make certain that you know precisely what you hope to attain. MEASURABLE: When you have a goal that is quantifiable, you will know how far you have to go to grasp the goal, and when you get there. ACHIEVABLE: It is commendable to set your sights high, but sometimes we try to achieve more than we can actually do. Training and certifying ten Certified Managerial Lions in your district in one year may or may not be achievable at this time for number of reasons. Your penalty area must be such that, if you spread yourself you can just spread them. REALISTIC: Can you launch a program in your district to help everyone with dream problems? It is certainly a worthwhile goalmouth, but it may not be faithful at this time. It might be better to work on setting up a program with schools to provide vision testing and glasses for deprived children. TIME-BASED: Most of the goals that you launch in your position as a Lions front-runner will not be long-term. It is significant to set time guidelines for your goals, so that you can keep track of your progress as you are going along and can be alert to when you are falling behindhand schedule. PRIORITIZE As a leader in your club or district, you will be faced with many responsibilities. It is safe to say that you will not be able to do the whole thing, so it is wise to periodically make a list of the tasks that confront you and prioritize them. The following technique may be helpful in ordering: DO: Govern from the list the things you think are most important to achieve and are things you should do yourself. DELEGATE: Recall that there many Lions within your district with skills, experience, and inspiration to carry out a wide variety of tasks. A truly actual district governor understands that real leaders do not try to accomplish everything themselves and recognizes that some things are better handled by others. Allotting not only frees up your time for other things, it guarantees that capitals are used wisely and that Lions who want to help are inspired and involved. DELAY UNTIL ANOTHER TIME: Some things can wait. The hazard is deferring too many things until deadlines are near. The best policy here is to ponder when things are due, how long it will take to accomplish them, and what your current workload will allow. For example, registrations and request forms that are not yet due could be sent to LCI former if you have time. It makes logic to delay things that are not due when you are overworked and to achieve them ahead of time when you can. DELETE: If you have set areas using the guidelines we mentioned earlier, you may recognize that some of them are not attainable or realistic, or that they are just not important. A good leader knows when to focus on the important and remove the rest. It is vital when you have ordered your tasks that you: ADDRESS THE URGENT: Take attention of things with short-term moments as soon as possible.

The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 941 Words

In his autobiography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass describes in detail the hardships and unjust acts that were imposed upon African American slaves. In the narrative, Douglass communicates that reading and writing are the fundamental keys to obtaining freedom, understanding, and becoming self-aware. Most slaves were illiterate and had limited knowledge of the injustices that they faced. Douglass’ intelligence was significant due to the fact that he realized much about the world that his fellow slaves did not. Douglass asserts his argument by explaining in detail what privations him and other slaves around him faced. Through the use of ethical, pathetic, and logical appeals, Douglass argues that literacy is one of the few abilities that can break the barrier of ignorance. His argument is significant due to the fact that it communicates the concept that education is a step towards liberation from oppression and prejudices. Furthermore, Doug lass proposes change for society and racism in his era and for future generations. In his autobiography, Douglass uses ethical appeal to communicate that education is a pathway to liberation from the oppression and confinement that stems from slavery. Around the time of his autobiography, African Americans were deemed inferior to all other races, primarily whites. However, Douglass had the ability to gain association with two prominent anti-slavery abolitionists, William Lloyd Garrison and WendellShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives wa s lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

Rape A Common Narrative Element - 2066 Words

A common narrative element in most Greek and Roman mythology is rape, whether it be at the will of the gods or mortal man. From these unions, deities and heroes are born, and/or social institutions are reinforced. Most stories of rape follow a similar structure: the god, or man, sees a beautiful woman and fills with love or burning passion, he devises a plan/disguise to rape her, and the significant other learns of the affair and is vengeful. In this essay, I will analyze how two rape stories from Ovid’s Metamorphoses compare with each other while following the structure of rape in mythology that I have presented. In addition, this essay will discuss the deeper implications of each myth and the use of rape as a narrative element, such as†¦show more content†¦Thus, he cuts her tongue off and continues to rape her. Then, Tereus goes home and tells Procne her sister is dead. After a year, Philomela wove her story and gave it to an old woman to take to her sister. Procne uses the festival for Bacchus to retrieve Philomela and decides to kill her son, Itys, as revenge. They serve the feast to Tereus, telling him it was a ritual meal for husbands only, and he gladly eats the meal. Procne tells him what they did and Philomela throws Itys’ bloody head at him. He chases them around the castle and they turn into birds to flee. Tereus also turns into a bird (Ovid, Met. VI. 430-721). Following the structure of rape in mythology, Jove and Tereus were overcome with aching emotion when seeing a beautiful woman. In both myths, their lust is likened to a burn or fire and I believe the narrative attempts to persuade the audience to sympathize with the abuser. For instance, when Jove first spots Callisto, a â€Å"†¦fire ran through his marrow-bones† (Ovid, Met. II. 410). In comparison, when Tereus laid his eyes on Philomela, he â€Å"†¦took fire, as ripe grain burns, or dry leaves burn, or hay stored in the hay-mow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ovid, Me t. VI. 457-458). There is a difference in tone between the two descriptions, however, both explain the urge as painful. By describing their feelings as painful, the myths are putting the rapist in the position of victim. In addition, I propose the stories normalize the act of rape byShow MoreRelatedHow Undergraduate College Women in the United States Perceive Rape and Sexual Assault671 Words   |  3 Pageswhich students experience unwanted sexual encounters are also shifting. It is implied that since the rates of date rape have decreased, yet rates of sexual assault have remained the same, that sexual assault and rape rates during casual sexual encounters are on the rise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how undergraduate college women in the United States perceive rape and sexual assault as a potential threat of engaging in random hook-ups or casual sex. Setting: A large southeasternRead MoreAnalysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie s The Night As Hope Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesmessage on feminism and culture. She named her talk We Should All Be Feminists, which was later manuscript into a short novel. Through use of personal narratives, Adichie focuses on how feminist theory is intertwined into our daily lives and how it impacts our society. Feminist theory is slyly intertwined in her presentation through personal narratives. The first however was the most impactful on Adichie’s feminist identity. She discusses a childhood friend, Okoloma, and how he had called her a feministRead More`` Rapunzel `` : The Feminist Revitalization Of Fairy Tales1420 Words   |  6 Pagescollection Transformations, Kapurch analyzed the lesbian elements of the tale in order to examine the 21st century Tumblr culture that â€Å"ships† Tangled’s Rapunzel with Brave’s (2012) Merida. Sexton’s Rapunzel Anne Sexton wrote her Transformations collection after she noticed her daughter’s fascination with Grimm s’ stories. Sexton asked her daughter to select a few of her favorites and she rewrote them with â€Å"adult† themes, including rape, incest, and fluid sexuality. In her retelling of RapunzelRead MoreRichard Wright and William Faulkner both examine the psychologies of excluded members of society.1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdowntrodden beneath society, Faulkner looks at a family of outsiders cast far away from a common community in As I Lay Dying. For both, a central question becomes the function of their characters’ minds in relation to one another, and to reality. Through different approaches, both Wright and Faulkner conduct modernist explorations of the social outcast’s interiority. To accomplish this, each author’s narrative voice traverses the gradient from realism to experimental fragmentation, Wright constructingRead MoreFairy Tales By Anne Sexton1422 Words   |  6 Pagescollection Transformations, Kapurch analyzed the lesbian elements of the tale in order to examine the 21st century Tumblr culture that â€Å"ships† Tangled’s Rapunzel with Brave’s (2012) Merida. Sexton’s â€Å"Rapunzel† Anne Sexton wrote her Transformations collection after she noticed her daughter’s fascination with Grimm s’ stories. Sexton asked her daughter to select a few of her favorites and she rewrote them with â€Å"adult† themes, including rape, incest, and fluid sexuality. In her retelling of RapunzelRead MoreAnalysis Of Atonement By The Novel Atonement Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesCecilia are sisters in the powerful and wealthy Tallis Family. After observing a set of peculiar and awkward encounters between Robbie and Cecilia, Briony wrongly assumes Robbie as an evil character. After Paul, a rich sociopath invited to the dinner, rapes Lola, a cousin of the Tallises, Briony immediately assumes that the culprit is none other than Robbie and publicly accuses him. Robbie is sent off to prison, and then world war two to end his imprisonment. Robbie and Cecelia still stay in touch throughRead MoreA Controversial Policy For Combat Marital Rape2146 Words   |  9 PagesA Proposed Policy to Combat Marital Rape Marital rape, a rape in which the perpetrator is the victim’s spouse, is an underestimated, underreported reality that effects 10-14% of all women in the U.S (Basile, 2011). Although the U.S. government has made strides in sexual violence laws in the past few years, marital rape policies still have a long way to go. The instance of marital rape should be combatted by the U.S. Federal Government with a multifaceted plan. First, the U.S. federal government shouldRead MoreThe Collective Societal Memory Of The World War II Essay1896 Words   |  8 Pagesrefereed to as â€Å"counter†, â€Å"popular†, and â€Å"official† memories.2 In order to support this argument, the author conducted a series of formulaic analyses on the German perception toward women in three major areas of Post-War German cultural memory; war rapes by Soviet soldiers; the experiences of women who rebuilt the nation and the economy without much assistance from men; and finally those women w ho fraternized with Allied soldiers. She began her formula by first exploring the â€Å"universalization† of certainRead MoreLove In A Maze1658 Words   |  7 Pagesare prevalent in today’s society such as rape, independent woman, and a male dominated society. These aspects can be seen through the literary elements Hayward uses in Fantomina: Or, Love in a Maze, such as motif, imagery, parallelism, paradox and theme. During the first disguise, Fantomina, â€Å"dress herself as near as she could in the fashion of those women who make sale of their favors,†and is raped (Fantomina: Or, Love in a Maze P.2797). The intensity of rape may be different from Enlightenment daysRead MoreAnalysis Of Sapphire Along The Spectrum Of The Slave Narrative And The Neoslave Narrative2945 Words   |  12 Pagesposition Push by Sapphire along the spectrum of the slave narrative and the neoslave narrative in terms of African American literary tradition. It focuses on Precious’s parental abuse, neglect, sexual assault and journey to literacy. It will attempt to draw out similarities between this character’s abuse and the violent history of slavery. It will use the slave and neoslave narratives in Push to connect contemporary issues in black society, such as rape, labour, illiteracy and fatherlessness, to the trauma

Essay on America Needs Tort Reform - 3126 Words

According to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Institute for Legal Reform, â€Å"The tort system is truly broken and in bad need of repair.† Tort cases are becoming an extremely common fight in the nation’s legal system. Since 1986, 38 of the 50 United States have adopted some sort of tort reform. However, with the many flaws of the tort system today, the suffering American economy will continue to fall behind if the American public does not insist on fighting for justice in the legal system. The governing bodies of these states must continue to seek reform and propose strategies to fix the corruption in the tort system. The legal system set up by the founding fathers will experience corruption in the negligence of these governing bodies. Tort†¦show more content†¦Reform is needed. In 2005, the estimated cost of the tort system in the United States was approximately 260.8 billion dollars. Broken down, every U.S. citizen spends approximately 880 dollars annually on â€Å"litigation taxes† which fund United States tort cases (Balik, Carl). Understanding these numbers, it is absurd to think that a family of 6 spends approximately $5,280 each year on frivolous cases in the nation’s judicial system. With each U.S. citizen paying roughly $1,000 on cases of tort, it is obvious that the system is being abused. Caps in the tort system limit the amount of money a jury can award a victim. These need to be put in place in order to prevent further damage to the nation’s economy and further abuse to the county’s legal system. Lawsuits of medical malpractice may be the greatest threat to justice in the legal system. Tort cases are constantly filed against medical practices which cause health care prices to dramatically increase in states lacking caps. Medical practitioners are forced to undergo an unnecessary amount of costly tests and procedures in order to defend themselves from frivolous lawsuits. The expenses of these precautions cause hospitals and other medical facilities to charge more for the care given to the patients,Show MoreRelatedTort Reform1420 Words   |  6 PagesStates justice system, a tort is best defined as an injury or loss that was committed deliberately or negligently by a single person or an entity (Crane). The history of tort law can be traced back to the initial trespass of property or person, but it was not until the 18th century that the distinction between intentional and unintentional acts was made (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). In recent years, tort law has become the center of scrutiny through the increase in tort costs, insurance liabilityRead MoreDefensive Medicine1354 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Our Nation is currently engaged in a debate about the future of health care in America. Health care reform has several platforms to be addressed in order for it to be successfully implemented. Tort reform, being one of those platforms, is proposed as one solution to the rapidly increasing health care cost in the United States. Careful reform of medical malpractice laws can lower administrative costs and health spending. This will also lead to improved patientRead MoreCivil Court System Of America1497 Words   |  6 Pagescover the cost of any harms inflicted on others during the incident. Legal experts use the word tort to describe harms like these. The laws that govern how torts are handled in the court systems of America have been under severe attack in recent years. Many groups have successfully lobbied several state legislatures into making reforms to their tort laws. Unfortunately, even though many of these reforms are established with the best of intentions, legislators at times make spontaneous, illogical decisionsRead MoreMedical Malpractice And Tort Reform1533 Words   |  7 PagesMedical Malpractice and Tort Reform Within the realm of American tort law, medical malpractice is equated to professional negligence and is a highly debated issue. â€Å"The government estimates that between 44,000 and 98,000 people die each year in hospitals due to medical mistakes, the vast majority of them preventable† (Lau Johnson, 2011). In differentiating this type of tort from standard negligence claims, similarities and differences are illustrated through the elements of a cause of action andRead MoreEssay about The American Courts System1080 Words   |  5 PagesIn America, we have the luxury of having access to a theoretically just and efficient courts system. A luxury not afforded to many human beings around the world. It is also our right as citizens to know and understand the way the system works as well as its pros and cons. American law can be complex, and it is important to know where the law comes from to better understand how the system all comes together. This paper will discuss the sources of American law, the two divisions of courts in our countryRead MoreCases Based Off Civil Wrongs Are Known As Torts1042 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In the American legal system, cases based off civil wrongs are known as Torts. These cases have multiple variances of descriptions which help to determine the exact element of each tort. This document will focus on negligence. A complete definition will be provided, followed a personal first hand experience. The concluding summary will be a brief overview of the information provided. Please note, the personal account does not include a complete litigation process. Only a descriptionRead MoreBusiness Law 355 : Tort Reform1946 Words   |  8 PagesBusiness Law 355 Tort Reform Paper Since about the mid-late 1980’s many states have implemented and enforced statutes to limit tort lawsuits. Tort reform is the political term for redefining tort laws and reducing tort litigation, damages, compensation, and even amounts awarded (Quinn). The reformation of the nation’s tort system, or changing laws throughout a state dealing with injuries to a person or their property have done a lot more harm than good for consumers. While each tort reform law variesRead MoreThe Tort System : A Popular Topic Of Being Reformed For The Past Decade2005 Words   |  9 PagesThe tort system in America has been a popular topic of being reformed for the past decade. In my opinion, we do not need a tort reform. The main objective for torts are civil wrongs and are used to help parties who have been injured by a second party. This is usually done by shifting monetary losses/values or injunctions to the second party and having them pay the costs or stop what caused the harm to party one. I believe that the current tort system is effective in that we award those who proveRead MoreAffordable Care Act Of The United States1879 Words   |  8 Pages with the exception that they meet certain requirements† (Lawson 117). The PPACAs intention is to reduce the cost of health care insurance making it accessible for the American public, to decrease the national deficit, and to promote a healthier America. Little does the government know is that what will come out of this act is going to be worse. Is the Affordable Care Act going to help Americans afford treatment or make treatment worse? Despite its work to make it affordable for Americans, the AffordableRead MoreEssay on Frivolous Lawsuits2344 Words   |  10 Pageshas discovered large money in mass litigation. This rise in greedy and manipulative lawyers has provided Americans with a skewed financial interest in the American courtroom and has hindered the justice system as a whole. Congress must reexamine tort reform to provide Americans with a trustworthy and secure justice system from frivolous lawsuits. As American citizens we do it everyday: we see something wrong and form ideas of suing. Whether our intentions are resolute or passive, the simple gesture

Philosophy on Teaching and Learning Free Essays

Learning is described as the acquisition of new knowledge which eventually leads to a change in behaviour while teaching is regarded as the transference of knowledge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ As a teacher, my main responsibility in the classroom is to facilitate and provide guided my students learning. Learning is the acquiring new knowledge which will lead to behaviour change. On the other hand, teaching is transference knowledge in a manner that caters to individual learning styles, in a capable manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy on Teaching and Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now In so doing, I serve as a guide and facilitator. I allow students explore and develop their own learning experience. Every child is a gift from God and is to be treated as such. I ensure that they treated fairly and given equal opportunities. These I do by ensuring that proper resources are readily available in an environment of love and care, so that grow and mature spiritually, intellectually, emotionally, socially and physically, thus fostering holistic development. Through dedication and commitment to the teaching/learning process, I plan my lessons creatively and meaningfully so as to generate students’ interest as well as to foster intrinsic motivation. This is done through the use of technology, research and active discussions which enhance their critical thinking. I also engage them in cooperate learning strategies so that their social skills are developed. To ensure that my objectives are met, I evaluate each lesson and do the necessary adjustments and do assessments at regular intervals. These assessments are done by giving monthly tests, journal entries and class discussions. As an educator, I avail myself totally to the teaching/learning process. In so doing, I equip myself with the required skills and knowledge by attending professional development workshops and pursuing a degree programme. How to cite Philosophy on Teaching and Learning, Essay examples

Cardiac Nursing for Premature Cardiovascular- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCardiac Nursing for Premature Cardiovascular Disease. Answer: Cardiovascular disease is a great burden worldwide and it is now recognized as the leading cause of death in the world. According to a review on cardiac disease burden worldwide, it has been found that 32% of global death in the world has been caused due to cardiovascular disease. The number of lives lost due to heart disease is increasing more rapidly in low and middle income countries and there is a need to control regional variations in the diagnosis of heart problems and the mortality associated with it. In response to high health care cost and disease burden of cardiovascular disease, policy related changes is needed to address contextual factors associated with risk of the disease. The global commitment is to reduce the rate of premature cardiovascular disease by 25% by 2025. In response to this commitment, role of cardiac rehabilitation is now realized to restore health of affected people (Roth et al., 2015). The essay discusses the importance of cardiac rehabilitation for peo ple with cardiac health needs and explains the role of nurse in cardiac rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiac rehabilitation is now a part of contemporary heart disease care and treatment because it can treat wide spectrum of cardiac disease. It is defines as the combination of interventions implemented to provide the best physical, psychological and social conditions to patients with chronic cardiovascular disease and reduce the progression of disease and optimal functioning of patients in the community. Wide range of strategies are employed during the cardiac rehabilitation process which includes exercise, behavioral changes, education of healthy behavior, psychological supports and other strategies (Anderson et al., 2016). The main benefit of cardiac rehabilitation is that it has a major impact on heart failure etiology. A study investigating the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation based on heart failure etiology gave the indication that cardiac rehabilitation approaches like physical exercise has positive impact on muscle fibre. The two years outpatient follow-up study also mentio ned about the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation on stabilizing various clinical and laboratory parameter in heart patients. Patient education helped them to stabilize their heart rate and maintain their weight too. The study proved the benefits of clinical rehabilitation in heart failure patients and suggested exercise training in all heart failure patients despite difference in heart failure etiology (Koukoui et al., 2015). Though exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has been recommended by many studies, most heart failure patients do not receive it. This might be due to the variation in the cost of cardiac rehabilitation service. However, cardiac rehabilitation with emphasis on exercise is considered important for patient because it has been found to reduce the mortality rate by 20-30% compared to those who do not receive exercise interventions (Lewinter et al., 2015). Another study showed the direct benefits of exercise training on coagulation and clotting factors and development of inflammatory markers. Consistent results for reduction in cardiovascular mortality with exercise activity has been found in many studies and across people with many types of cardiovascular heart disease (Anderson et al., 2016). Another study evaluated the effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation in terms of mortality, hospital admission rates and health related quality of life. The study finding showed that exercise rehabilitation does not reduce the risk of all cause mortality, however it leads to reduction in hospital admissions rates and improvement in health related quality of life. In addition, positive results from exercise training is consistent in participants irrespective of their age, gender and severity (Taylor et al., 2014). Hence, considering the impact of clinical outcome of patients, it is very important to provide such interventions to heart failure patients. It is regarded as a cost effective and comprehensive approach to reducing risk factors and improving physiological, functional, psychological and nutritional status of patients. Despite numerous benefits of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR), very few referrals are given to patient for participation in such activities. One research suggested addressing the barrier to participation in CR by educating the patients and health care system about the benefits of CR and identifying the reason for lack of referral. To identify lack of referral to CR, it is also necessary to analyze level of health investments and health system barriers such as poor infrastructure and poor perception about the value of CR. In addition, to increase the participation of people in outpatient CR, it would necessary to raise understanding about the process and designing the CR programs in such a way that majority of patients can accept such form of care. Increased coverage and implementation of innovative strategies to cover more number of patients in such programs is also crucial to the achievement of the global commitment for reduction in cardiovascular mortality rate. Several digit als tools has the advantage in raising awareness and improving coverage of such program. For example, telemedicine, internet based programs and mobile applications are useful tools to raise awareness about importance for CR in restoring optimal functioning in cardiac failure patients (Arena et al., 2012). This approach will help to address alarmingly low rate of participation in CR programs. The above discussion proves that there are many evidence based article to prove the efficacy of CR on improving health of patients with cardiovascular disease. It is multidisciplinary approach to care where a team of nurse specialist, occupational therapist, dietitian, phsyiotherapist and other support staffs helps patients to change behavior and self-manage the disease by means of diverse CR activities. The cardiac rehabilitation nurse mainly assist and guides patients to adapt to healthy path and lower the risk of heart disease. They facilitate patients to bring lifestyle changes. Such nurse also requires communication skills to persuade patients to adapt new health behavior and experience the benefits of positive life styles changes. Improving the nursing education regarding CR program is also critical to maximize beneficial effects on patients quality of life, body weight, exercise capacity, lipid profile, blood pressure, mortality rate and myocardial infarction (Edmunds, 2012). The first important role of nurse during cardiac rehabilitation is to educate patients and counsel them regarding strategies to combat cardiovascular disease and get actively involved in medical treatment. The hospitalization period is considered the most important point of initiation of cardiac rehabilitation and interventions given by nurse is most likely to increase the participation rate in CR programmes. A research study proved the critical role of nurse in improving participation in CR programme. A community based intervention of home visit and telephone calls from nurses were implemented and the data regarding the participation rate in CR was calculated. The outcome of the study showed significant improvements in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. The increase was seen after 1 years and hospitalization rate in treatment group also improved considerably (Doll et al., 2015). Hence, this study further confirms that nurse play a role in educating patents and promoting active parti cipation in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Nurse also educate patients after open heart surgery and such activities of nurse reduces physical and emotional difficulties in patients. This does not means that nurse educate patents in preoperative stage, they also implement preoperative education and counseling on post operative complication. The nursing activity regarding education patients before and after surgery also reduced stress in patients. One study selected study and control group. and the study group patients received structural eduactoon and counseling course by nurse prior to surgery. The main outcome of this research was that nurse initiated counseling sessions reduces the rate of preoperative complications in patients and they also showed reduced level of anxiety post the operation (Zhang et al., 2012). Home based care is also a part of the cardiac rehabilitation programs. Home based care is considered necessary to address high rehospitalization rates and premature death in people with chronic health disease. Past studies have shown that exercise based CR do not reduce all cause of mortality, however nurse led home based intervention has been found to bring improvements in all cause of health outcomes. This is because home based interventions are more responsive to clinical and psychological health needs of cardiovascular patient. One research study evaluated the benefits of nurse led home based intervention (HBI) on outcome of patients. The common elements of this intervention was home visit of registered cardiac nurse specialist after 7 to 14 days of hospitalization, follow up with multidisciplinary team, focus on addressing residual risk in case of unplanned hospitalization and recommendation of long-term management of risk in patients. The statistical analysis of research data r evealed prolonged event-free survival and increase in number of days spent outside hospital in patients receiving HBI (Stewart et al., 2016). However, difference were found in effect of HBI on all cause mortality because of age factors and concurrent diagnosis. Hence, changes in screening and referral protocols are likely to improve nurse role in HBI in real world setting. Many heart failure patients also have end of life care needs and palliative care are likely to improve health of such patients. Research has shown there is lack of communication between health care staffs and heart failure (HF) patients regarding prognosis. Many do not wish to engage in such conversation because they feel that patients might not entered the terminal phase. However, heart failure nurses hold a key responsibility in coordinating care of HF patient and discuss about palliative care service with HF patients. One study evaluated nurses perspective regarding discussion on prognosis and end of life care with patients. The main purpose of the survey was to find out patients concern regarding discussing about prognosis and end-of life care and find out barriers and facilitators to discussing palliative care with patients. The outcome of the study gave idea about attitude, confidence and comfort of nurse in interaction with patients. Most nurses had the opinion that they are s upposed to discuss prognosis. 97% of nurse were confident in discussing prognosis, however some nurses were uncomfortable that such discussion might increase the stress level of patient (Hjelmfors et al., 2014). Hence, the main conclusion from the study was that nurse found clinician to responsible for discussing palliative care with HF patients. Though open communication is necessary to make informed decisions, however it has been found nurse believed the main role of HF clinic is to provide medical treatment and not educate patients. Hence, more encouragement activity is needed to make nurse understand their communication responsibility in delivery basis palliative care. As mentioned previously, cardiac rehabilitation is delivered by multidisciplinary team in which specialist heart failure nurse also plays an important role. One research evaluated the perception and experience of multidisciplinary and specialist HF nurse in management of heart failure patients. This research work was important because of little knowledge regarding specialist nurse role in working with multidisciplinary team. Nurse involvement is necessary and their role begins at the initial diagnosis of heart failure. The study participants gave the insight that education can be best delivered during interaction between nurse and pateinst during home visit. The chances of assimilation of information in patients is also high in such case because patients are more relaxed in home environment. However, nurses also reported that difference patients have different capability to receive information. For instance, some patients may have language difficulty or some may have cognitive disabi lity. In such situation, nurse need to balance educational needs in patients and provide personalized information. HF nurse also emphasized the need for liaison with practitioners and clinicians (Glogowska et al., 2015). Hence, the study gives the implication that specialist HF nurse plays an important role in bridging the gap between primary and secondary care and managing heart failure patient. The essay summarized the importance of cardiac rehabilitation on improving symptoms and quality of life of heart failure patients. Many types of cardiac rehabilitation programs such as home based care, exercise based CR, educating patients and self-management training has been found to improve clinical outcome of patients. The review of research literature particularly highlights the role of nurse in CR and how they intervene to educate patients, support them during CR and provide psychological support to patients. However, studies have also pointed out to certain barrier experience by nurse in implementing CR and in such case, addressing and mitigating this barrier is considered important for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease. Reference Anderson, L., Oldridge, N., Thompson, D. R., Zwisler, A. D., Rees, K., Martin, N., Taylor, R. S. (2016). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,67(1), 1-12. Arena, R., Williams, M., Forman, D. E., Cahalin, L. P., Coke, L., Myers, J., ... Lavie, C. J. (2012). Increasing referral and participation rates to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: the valuable role of healthcare professionals in the inpatient and home health settings.Circulation,125(10), 1321-1329. Doll, J. A., Hellkamp, A., Ho, P. M., Kontos, M. C., Whooley, M. A., Peterson, E. D., Wang, T. Y. (2015). Participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs among older patients after acute myocardial infarction.JAMA internal medicine,175(10), 1700-1702. Edmunds, L. (2012). Improving wellbeing with cardiac rehabilitation.Nursing times,108(40), 17-19. Glogowska, M., Simmonds, R., McLachlan, S., Cramer, H., Sanders, T., Johnson, R., ... Purdy, S. (2015). Managing patients with heart failure: a qualitative study of multidisciplinary teams with specialist heart failure nurses.The Annals of Family Medicine,13(5), 466-471. Hjelmfors, L., Strmberg, A., Friedrichsen, M., Mrtensson, J., Jaarsma, T. (2014). Communicating prognosis and end-of-life care to heart failure patients: A survey of heart failure nurses perspectives.European journal of cardiovascular nursing,13(2), 152-161. Koukoui, F., Desmoulin, F., Lairy, G., Bleinc, D., Boursiquot, L., Galinier, M., ... Rouet, P. (2015). Benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure patients according to etiology: INCARD French study.Medicine,94(7). Lewinter, C., Doherty, P., Gale, C. P., Crouch, S., Stirk, L., Lewin, R. J., ... Bland, J. M. (2015). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials between 1999 and 2013.European journal of preventive cardiology,22(12), 1504-1512. Roth, G. A., Huffman, M. D., Moran, A. E., Feigin, V., Mensah, G. A., Naghavi, M., Murray, C. J. (2015). Global and regional patterns in cardiovascular mortality from 1990 to 2013.Circulation,132(17), 1667-1678. Stewart, S., Wiley, J., Ball, J., Chan, Y. K., Ahamed, Y., Thompson, D. R., Carrington, M. J. (2016). Impact of nurse-led, multidisciplinary home-based intervention on event-free survival across the spectrum of chronic heart disease: composite analysis of health outcomes in 1226 patients from 3 randomized trials.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-116. Taylor, R. S., Sagar, V. A., Davies, E. J., Briscoe, S., Coats, A. J., Dalal, H., ... Singh, S. (2014). Exercise?based rehabilitation for heart failure.The Cochrane Library. Zhang, C. Y., Jiang, Y., Yin, Q. Y., Chen, F. J., Ma, L. L., Wang, L. X. (2012). Impact of nurse-initiated preoperative education on postoperative anxiety symptoms and complications after coronary artery bypass grafting.Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,27(1), 84-88.

Profitability of Chinese Commercial Bank-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Determinants of profitability of Chinese commercial banks panel evidence from 2009 to 2016. Answer: Introduction In this chapter, conclusion has been drawn to the current research on determinants of profitability of Chinese commercial banks using the panel evidence from 2009-2016. In the perspective of the bank reforms in China, this research study analyses about whether the present reforms such as participation of foreign banks, bank listing and creation of financial institution adds to profitability of these banks. The profitability of the Chinese commercial banks has been measured by using two research methods that includes- Principal component analysis and Data development analysis (Azam Siddiqui, 2012). Furthermore, the recommendations given in this chapter highlights on the strategy that the Chinese commercial banks would adopt for improving their profitability. The future research reflected in this study includes more internal factors and external factors of banks influencing the profitability of Chinese commercial banks. Conclusion After the global financial crisis, the banking industry in China has been changing at high pace. Although the banks have been commanded to increase their lending to the SMEs as well as the private banks, these banks found it difficult in adjusting and choosing another method to continue their lending to more state owned organizations, local governments and developers of real estate. From the above research analysis and panel data evidence, it can be concluded that the profitability of state-owned commercial banks had increased at higher rate as compared to that of joint- stock commercial banks in this nation. Overall, the efficiency of both these commercial banks improved and the problem of nonperforming loan (NPL) was also solved during this period (2009-2016). The state-owned commercial banks in China not only increased their profitability level and achieved high scale efficiency but also increased their resources for enhancing market competitiveness. In the post-reform period and after GFC, the difference in profitability level as well as efficiency reduced between the state-owned banks and the joint stock banks in China as it was in the pre-reform period (Zheng Zhu, 2013). Even the disposal of NPL in these banks improved their efficiency level in these banks. In addition, the reform in joint equity of the Sate owned banks specifically increased their efficiency rate. The three main principal component analysis that includes ROAA (Return on assets), ROAE (return on equity) and NIM (net interest margin) done in this research concludes that the level of profit margin in both state-owned and joint stock commercial banks in China increased and hence the risk of volatility in these banks also declined. The results of the mean T test done in this research shows that the mean profitability of the state owned commercial banks in China was 0.207 while that of joint stock banks was 0.196. This signifies that the profitability of state owned banks was slightly greater as compared to joint stock banks. However, the financial performance of the joint stock banks was not good as compared to the state owned banks. The correlation analysis in respect of the internal factors of the banks shows that the size of the banks and their profitability were positive but with the equity to asset ratio (ETA), capital adequacy ratio (TIR) and cost to income ratio (CTIR) were negative. This indicates that after the GFC all the internal factors excluding bank size had adverse impact on the banks profitability. It has been founded from the above research study that these commercial banks in China with higher insolvency risk level have higher level of profitability. As a result, the financial performance of these commercial banks improved after the GFC (Tan Floros, 2012). In respect of the macroeconomic factors It has also been concluded from the research study that, the intervention of the government of China also influenced the profitability level of their commercial banks. Both the government and the central bank of China adopted several policies in order to protect their assets and investment by ensuring that they remain profitability (Sufian, F., Habibullah, 2012). Since the commercial banks in China have less fee income, they mainly depends on huge earnings between the deposits and the lending rate. Moreover, as the economy of China entered into the recovery phase, the commercial banks faced huge competition in the market. The commercial banks in this nation then strategized to improve their management as well as innovation capability in order to compete in this business environment. It has been found out from the research study that less concentrated system of banking enhances the profitability level of bank, which basically highlights that the state owned commercial banks have been the actual drag owing to their bank size and their performance. In addition, acceleration in the financial innovation and the diversification strategy reduced risk as well as cost and improved efficiency in these banks (Kanas, Vasiliou Eriotis, 2012). Based on the significance of coefficients and diagnostics, the results indicates that the dependent variable are the economic value added while the NIM as against the ROAE or ROAA. The findings from the study also highlights that the determinant variables did not have uniform impact on all types of banks.. Analogous to the state owned banks counterpart, it has found out that the joint stock commercial banks with increase in credit risk apt to be highly profitable, whereas increase in cost results in lower profitability level of joint stock commercial banks (Gunji Yuan, 2012). As the biggest challenge that faces China is to expand their banking services to all the private businesses, both the state owned as well as joint commercial b anks implemented new technology for improving their services in banking. This in turn facilitated these commercial banks in gaining huge profitability during the period 2009-2016. The external factors including the macro environment and the structure of industry or the level of market concentration also reflects that the banking industry in China have increased their level of profitability (Paradi Zhu, 2013). It had been seen from the research study that the macroeconomic factors including, real GDP growth rate, money supply and the unemployment rate have direct or indirect relationship with the profitability of banks. The results of regression coefficient T-test showed that the coefficient of real GDP growth rate was positive, which signifies that this indicator helped the commercial banks in improving their profitability. As the real GDP growth rate of China began to increase after the GFC, the commercial banks started to lend huge amount of money to the business and this allowed them to charge higher margins and improve their quality of assets (Fung?ov Pessarossi Weill 2013). In fact, the regression coefficient of unemployment rate in China was positive, which indicates that the bank profitability has improved after GFC. Besides this, stable rate of unemployment also stabilized the NPL rate and hence did not adversely influenced the Chinese commercial banks. The regression coefficient of bank money supply in China was negative, which signifies that increase in supply of money was not favorable to the profitability of the joint stock commercial banks. . (Fung?ov, Pessarossi Weill, 2017). Furthermore, it was also found that rise in GDP and decrese in money supply enhanced the profitability of these commercial banks. Recommendations The recommendation is provided to the Chinese government, mangers of banks and the regulatory authority for implementation of new policy for improving bank profitability. These suggestions are explained as under: The banks should recruit skilled employees and also provide proper training to the existing employees in order to increase efficiency of the employees. This in turn will help the state-owned banks to manage the operation effectively in regards to bank size. Both the state-owned and joint stock banks should provide the loan to the customer by over viewing their actual purpose for which they are taking loan. This will help the banks in decreasing the NPL rate. The joint stock commercial banks should engage in diversified activities The Chinese government should support the commercial banks from risk and hence should have higher equity to asset ratio. The Chinese government should also implement proper monetary policy in order to reduce inflation rate in the economy. This is because higher inflation rate adversely affects GDP of economy, which in turn reduces loan demand and decline banks profitability. Limitations of the study As the research study was based on panel data evidence from 2009 to 2016, it has certain limitations that includes- Several problems occurred regarding research design and collection of data As the study was based on divergence between temporal features between the state owned and joint banks, this study was no acquiescent to time effect. Huge difficulty occurred while collecting information about these Chinese commercial banks as it gathered from secondary sources. Collection of information was time consuming Future Work Future Work must be done in accordance to this particular research study that aligns with determinants of profitability of Chinese commercial banks after the GFC (2009-2016). The precise work can be started by utilizing the sample before the GFC in order to discover more accurate results about the difference in profitability level between state-owned and joint stock banks of China. Furthermore, the restraint of time for doing this research should not be limited, so that the researcher can gather more knowledge about the research study and produce correct outcome. References Azam, M., Siddiqui, S. (2012). Domestic and Foreign Banks' Profitability: Differences and Their Determinants.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,2(1), 33. Borio, C., Gambacorta, L., Hofmann, B. (2017). The influence of monetary policy on bank profitability.International Finance,20(1), 48-63. Fung?ov, Z., Pessarossi, P., Weill, L. (2013). Is bank competition detrimental to efficiency? Evidence from China.China Economic Review,27, 121-134. Golin, J., Delhaise, P. (2013).The bank credit analysis handbook: a guide for analysts, bankers and investors. John Wiley Sons. Gunji, H., Yuan, Y. (2012). Bank profitability and the bank lending channel: Evidence from China.Journal of Asian Economics,21(2), 129-141. Haslem, J. A., Longbrake, W. (2015). A discriminant analysis of commercial bank profitability. Kanas, A., Vasiliou, D., Eriotis, N. (2012). Revisiting bank profitability: A semi-parametric approach.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,22(4), 990-1005. Paradi, J. C., Zhu, H. (2013). A survey on bank branch efficiency and performance research with data envelopment analysis.Omega,41(1), 61-79. Qian, J. Q., Strahan, P. E., Yang, Z. (2015). The impact of incentives and communication costs on information production and use: Evidence from bank lending.The Journal of Finance,70(4), 1457-1493. Sufian, F., Habibullah, M. S. (2012). Globalizations and bank performance in China.Research in International Business and Finance,26(2), 221-239. Tan, Y., Floros, C. (2012). Stock market volatility and bank performance in China.Studies in Economics and Finance,29(3), 211-228. Zheng, Y., Zhu, Y. (2013). Bank lending incentives and firm investment decisions in China.Journal of Multinational Financial Management,23(3), 146-165.